https://neurodiversityinlaw.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ADHD-IN-CUSTODY-PREVIEW.pdf

ADHD may overlap with Oppositional defiant disorder and progress to Conduct disorder and Antisocial personality disorder. It may be worth screening prisoners for ADHD, as 25% of prisoners are thought to have ADHD. It would be more cost effective to identify them as children; this is currently difficult due to extremely long waiting times. Children who are repeatedly excluded from mainstream schools should also automatically be screened for ADHD and for learning differences.

While ADHD is a treatable condition, best managed by a combination of medication and psychological treatments, among individuals in the criminal justice system ADHD remains both mis- and under-diagnosed and consequently inadequately treated. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1858-9

In very rare cases, treatment for ADHD may cause psychosis, and stimulant treatment therefore avoided, particularly in people with history of psychosis. However there is little evidence that initiation of methylphenidate treatment increases the risk of psychotic events in adolescents and young adults, including in those individuals with a history of psychosis. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30189-0

Among adolescents and young adults with ADHD who were receiving prescription stimulants, new-onset psychosis occurred in approximately 1 in 660 patients. Amphetamine use was associated with a greater risk of psychosis than methylphenidate. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1813751